I-carbon fiber, eyaziwa ngokuthi inkosi yezinto ezintsha ekhulwini lama-21, iyiparele elikhanyayo ezintweni.I-Carbon fiber (CF) iwuhlobo lwefayibha ye-inorganic enekhabhoni engaphezu kuka-90%.Imicu ye-Organic (i-viscose based, i-pitch based, i-polyacrylonitrile based fibers, njll.) i-pyrolyzed futhi i-carbonized ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze yenze i-carbon backbone.
Njengesizukulwane esisha se-fiber eqinisiwe, i-carbon fiber inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini namakhemikhali.Ayigcini nje ngokuba nezici zemvelo zezinto ze-carbon, kodwa futhi inokuthamba nokucutshungulwa kwe-textile fiber.Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, imishini yamandla, ezokuthutha, ezemidlalo kanye nezinkundla zokungcebeleka
Isisindo esilula: njengento entsha enamasu esebenza kahle kakhulu, ukuminyana kwe-carbon fiber kucishe kufane naleyo ye-magnesium ne-beryllium, engaphansi kwe-1/4 yaleyo yensimbi.Ukusebenzisa i-carbon fibre composite njengempahla yesakhiwo kunganciphisa isisindo sesakhiwo ngo-30% - 40%.
Amandla aphezulu kanye ne-modulus ephezulu: amandla athile e-carbon fiber aphakeme izikhathi ezi-5 kunezinsimbi futhi izikhathi ezi-4 ziphakeme kune-aluminium alloy;I-modulus ethize izikhathi ezingu-1.3-12.3 zezinye izinto zokwakha.
I-coefficient encane yokunweba: i-thermal yokwandisa i-coefficient ye-carbon fibers ine-negative ekamelweni lokushisa, i-0 ku-200-400 ℃, futhi i-1.5 kuphela ngaphansi kuka-1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, akulula ukwandisa nokukhubazeka ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu. izinga lokushisa.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuhle: i-carbon fibre inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni emsulwa ephezulu, kanti ikhabhoni ingenye yezinto ezisebenza kakhulu zamakhemikhali, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwayo okuzinzile endaweni ene-asidi ne-alkali, engenziwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali elwa nokugqwala.
Ukumelana nokukhathala okuqinile: ukwakheka kwe-carbon fiber kuzinzile.Ngokwezibalo zenethiwekhi ye-polymer, ngemva kwezigidi zemijikelezo yokuhlolwa kokukhathala kokucindezeleka, izinga lokugcinwa kwamandla enhlanganisela lisengu-60%, kuyilapho lelo lensimbi lingama-40%, i-aluminium ingu-30%, kanye nepulasitiki eqiniswe nge-glass fiber ingama-20 kuphela. % - 25%.
I-carbon fiber composite iwukuqiniswa kabusha kwe-carbon fiber.Nakuba i-carbon fiber ingasetshenziswa yodwa futhi idlale umsebenzi othile, iyimpahla ephukayo phela.Kuphela uma ihlanganiswa nezinto ze-matrix ukwenza inhlanganisela ye-carbon fiber inganikeza ukudlala okungcono ezicini zayo zemishini futhi ithwale imithwalo eyengeziwe.
Imicu yekhabhoni ingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene njengohlobo lwesandulela, indlela yokukhiqiza nokusebenza
Ngokusho kohlobo lwesandulela: i-polyacrylonitrile (i-Pan) esekelwe, i-pitch based (isotropic, mesophase);Isisekelo se-Viscose (isisekelo se-cellulose, isisekelo se-rayon).Phakathi kwazo, i-polyacrylonitrile (i-Pan) esekelwe ku-carbon fiber ithatha isikhundla esivamile, futhi okukhiphayo kubala ngaphezu kuka-90% wengqikithi ye-carbon fiber, kuyilapho i-viscose based carbon fiber ilandisa ngaphansi kuka-1%.
Ngokwezimo zokukhiqiza nezindlela: i-carbon fibre (800-1600 ℃), i-graphite fibre (2000-3000 ℃), i-activated carbon fibre, umhwamuko okhule i-carbon fiber.
Ngokusho kwezakhiwo zemishini, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo olujwayelekile kanye nohlobo olusebenza kakhulu: amandla ohlobo olujwayelekile lwe-carbon fiber cishe i-1000MPa, futhi i-modulus imayelana ne-100GPa;Uhlobo oluphezulu lokusebenza lungahlukaniswa lube uhlobo lwamandla aphezulu (amandla angu-2000mPa, i-modulus 250gpa) kanye nemodeli ephezulu (i-modulus 300gpa noma ngaphezulu), phakathi kwayo amandla amakhulu kuno-4000mpa abizwa nangokuthi uhlobo lwamandla aphezulu, kanye nemodulus enkulu kuno-450gpa ebizwa nge-ultra-high model.
Ngokusho kobukhulu bokudonsa, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-tow encane kanye ne-tow enkulu: i-tow encane ye-carbon fiber ikakhulukazi i-1K, i-3K ne-6K esigabeni sokuqala, futhi kancane kancane ithuthukiswe ibe yi-12K ne-24K, esetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yezindiza, ezemidlalo. nezinkundla zokungcebeleka.Imicu yekhabhoni engaphezu kuka-48K ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-tow carbon fibers amakhulu, okuhlanganisa i-48K, 60K, 80K, njll., esetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yezimboni.
Amandla e-tensile kanye ne-tensile modulus yizinkomba ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlola izakhiwo ze-carbon fiber.Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-China yamemezela indinganiso kazwelonke ye-PAN esekelwe ku-carbon fiber (GB / t26752-2011) ngo-2011. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yenzuzo ehamba phambili yeToray embonini ye-carbon fiber yomhlaba wonke, abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya nabo bamukela indinganiso yokuhlukaniswa kweToray. njengereferensi.
1.2 imigoqo ephezulu iletha inani eliphezulu elengeziwe.Ukwenza ngcono inqubo kanye nokuqaphela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle
1.2.1 umgoqo wezobuchwepheshe wemboni uphezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwesandulela yikho okuwumongo, kanye ne-carbonization kanye ne-oxidation ukhiye
Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-carbon fiber iyinkimbinkimbi, edinga imishini ephezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe.Ukulawulwa kokunemba, izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi sesixhumanisi ngasinye kuzothinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.I-Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber isiphenduke i-carbon fiber esetshenziswa kabanzi futhi ephezulu kakhulu ngenxa yenqubo yayo elula yokulungiselela, izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza emithathu.I-propane yempahla eluhlaza eyinhloko ingenziwa ngowoyela ongahluziwe, kanti iketango lemboni ye-PAN carbon fiber lihlanganisa inqubo yokukhiqiza ephelele kusukela kumandla ayisisekelo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwetheminali.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-propane ilungiswe ngamafutha angcolile, i-propylene yatholwa ngokukhetha i-catalytic dehydrogenation (PDH) ye-propane;
I-Acrylonitrile yatholwa nge-ammoxidation ye-propylene.I-Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) isandulela yatholwa nge-polymerization kanye nokuphotha kwe-acrylonitrile;
I-Polyacrylonitrile i-pre oxidized, i-carbonized ekushiseni okuphansi futhi okuphezulu ukuze ithole i-carbon fiber, engenziwa ibe yindwangu ye-carbon fibre kanye ne-carbon fibre prepreg yokukhiqiza izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre;
I-carbon fiber ihlanganiswa ne-resin, izitsha zobumba nezinye izinto zokwakha izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre.Okokugcina, imikhiqizo yokugcina yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezansi itholakala ngezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokubumba;
Izinga lekhwalithi nokusebenza kwesandulela linquma ngokuqondile ukusebenza kokugcina kwe-carbon fiber.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesisombululo sokuphotha kanye nokwenza kahle izici zokwakheka kwesandulela kuba amaphuzu abalulekile wokulungiselela i-carbon fiber yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ngokusho "kocwaningo lwenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-polyacrylonitrile esekelwe ku-carbon fiber precursor", inqubo yokuphotha ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izigaba ezintathu: ukuphotha okumanzi, ukuphotha okomile kanye nokuphotha okumanzi okomile.Njengamanje, ukuphotha okumanzi kanye nokuphotha okumanzi okomile kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza i-polyacrylonitrile precursor ekhaya naphesheya, phakathi kwayo ukuphotha okumanzi kusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ukuphotha okumanzi kuqala kukhipha isixazululo sokuphotha kusuka embotsheni ye-spinneret, futhi isisombululo sokuphotha singena kubhavu yokuhlanganisa ngendlela yokugeleza okuncane.Indlela yokuphotha yesixazululo sokuphotha se-polyacrylonitrile ukuthi kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kokugxilisana kwe-DMSO kusixazululo sokuphotha kanye nokugeza okuhlangene, futhi kukhona negebe elikhulu phakathi kokugcwala kwamanzi kubhavu wokuhlanganisa kanye nesisombululo se-polyacrylonitrile.Ngaphansi kokusebenzelana komehluko wokuhlushwa okubili okungenhla, uketshezi luqala ukusakazeka ezinhlangothini ezimbili, futhi ekugcineni lufinyele lube imicu ngokudluliswa kobuningi, ukudluliswa kokushisa, ukunyakaza kwesigaba sokulinganisa nezinye izinqubo.
Ekukhiqizeni isandulela, inani elisele le-DMSO, usayizi wefiber, amandla e-monofilament, i-modulus, i-elongation, okuqukethwe kwamafutha kanye nokuncipha kwamanzi abilayo kuba yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi yesandulela.Uma sithatha inani eliyinsalela le-DMSO njengesibonelo, linomthelela ezimpahleni ezisobala zesandulela, isimo se-cross-section kanye nenani le-CV yomkhiqizo wokugcina we-carbon fiber.Ukuncipha kwenani elisele le-DMSO, kulapho ukusebenza komkhiqizo kuphezulu.Ekukhiqizeni, i-DMSO isuswa ngokuyinhloko ngokugeza, ngakho-ke indlela yokulawula izinga lokushisa lokugeza, isikhathi, inani lamanzi angcolile kanye nenani lomjikelezo wokugeza liba isixhumanisi esibalulekile.
I-polyacrylonitrile precursor yekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele ibe nezici ezilandelayo: ukuminyana okuphezulu, i-crystallinity ephezulu, amandla afanele, isigaba esiphambanayo esiyindilinga, ukukhubazeka okuncane ngokomzimba, indawo ebushelelezi kanye nesakhiwo esifanayo kanye nesakhiwo esiphakathi kwesikhumba.
Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-carbonization kanye ne-oxidation kuyisihluthulelo.I-Carbonization kanye ne-oxidation kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yokugcina ye-carbon fibre kusuka kumanduleli.Kulesi sinyathelo, ukunemba kanye nobubanzi bokushisa kufanele kulawulwe ngokunembile, ngaphandle kwalokho, amandla aqinile wemikhiqizo ye-carbon fiber azothinteka kakhulu, futhi aholele ekuqhekekeni kocingo.
I-Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): kwinqubo ye-preoxidation, isandulela se-PAN sigcotshwa kancane futhi kancane ngokufaka ukushuba okuthile emkhathini we-oxidizing, kwakha inani elikhulu lezakhiwo zamandandatho kusisekelo seketango lepani eliqondile, ukuze ukufeza inhloso yokumelana nokwelashwa okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa.
I-Carbonization (izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingekho ngaphansi kuka-1000 ℃): inqubo ye-carbonization kufanele yenziwe endaweni engenalutho.Esigabeni sokuqala se-carbonization, i-pan chain iyaphuka futhi ukusabela kwe-crosslinking kuqala;Ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukusabela kokubola okushisayo kuqala ukukhulula inani elikhulu lamagesi amancane e-molecule, futhi isakhiwo se-graphite siqala ukwakha;Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwanda ngokushesha futhi i-carbon fiber yaqala ukwakheka.
I-Graphitization (izinga lokushisa lokwelapha elingaphezu kuka-2000 ℃): i-graphitization akuyona inqubo edingekayo yokukhiqiza i-carbon fibre, kodwa inqubo yokuzikhethela.Uma i-modulus enwebekayo ephezulu ye-carbon fiber kulindeleke, i-graphitization iyadingeka;Uma amandla aphezulu e-carbon fiber kulindeleke, i-graphitization ayidingekile.Enqubweni ye-graphitization, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenza i-fiber ibe isakhiwo se-graphite mesh esithuthukisiwe, futhi isakhiwo sihlanganiswe ngokudweba ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo wokugcina.
Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme zenza imikhiqizo engezansi ibe nenani eliphezulu elingeziwe, futhi intengo yezinhlanganisela zezindiza iphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-200 kunaleyo kasilika ongahluziwe.Ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu bokulungiselela i-carbon fibre kanye nenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, lapho imikhiqizo yehla ngomfula, inani elengeziwe liyakhuphuka.Ikakhulukazi izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fiber ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisetshenziswa emkhakheni we-aerospace, ngenxa yokuthi amakhasimende angezansi anezidingo eziqinile kakhulu ekuthembekeni nasekuzinzeni kwawo, intengo yomkhiqizo iphinde ibonise ukukhula okuningi kwejometri uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbon fiber evamile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-22-2021